铅对作业女工子代健康的影响

The effect of lead on the health of descendent of working females

目的 评价铅对作业女工子代健康的影响。方法 以某冶炼厂职工学校 94名小学生(6～ 10岁 ,其母亲孕前至调查时从事铅作业 )作为接触组 ;以无铅污染的农村小学 94名学生作对照。两组年龄、性别、年级、家庭情况基本相近。用原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅 ;电感耦合等离子光谱仪测定发中的铅、锌、铜和镉 ;用荧光仪测定锌卟啉 ;用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合 (NCTB)测定神经行为功能 ;用高压液相色谱仪、电化学仪测定尿中高香草酸 (HVA)、香草扁桃酸 (VMA)。所有数据用SPSS软件作t检验。结果 两组身高、体重、胸围差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;血铅、血锌卟啉、血色素、红细胞总数和尿中HVA、VMA等指标两组差别有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。行为功能数字跨度 (顺序 )得分 ,接触组低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,简单反应时最快值、数字跨度总和及数字跨度 (倒序 )得分接触组低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。发铅、发锌、发铜和发镉接触组高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 铅对作业女工子代健康有不良影响。

Object To evaluate the effect of lead on the health of descendent of working females.Methods 94 students (6～10 years old) of a primary school affiliated to a smeltery,whose mothers were engaged in lead work before pregnancy,were selected as exposed group.Some other students in another countryside primary school were selected as control group.The age,sex,grade and family condition of both groups were similar.Blood lead was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer;Pb,Zn,Fe,Cu and Cd in hair were detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy;Zinc porphyrin(ZPP) was detected by fluorometer;the neuorobehavioral function was evaluated by NCTB which was recommended by WHO;HVA,VMA were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electric chemistry.Data collected were analyzed by SPSS software in microcomputer for analysis of variance and t test.Results The height,weight and chest of both groups showed no significant difference( P >0.05);the lead and ZPP in blood,Hb,RBC count and HVA,VMA in urine of both groups showed significant difference( P <0.01).The fastest value of simple reaction time,total value of digit span and the score of digit span(digit backward) of exposed group were much obviously lower than those of the control group( P <0.01).Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in hair of exposed group were significantly higher than those of the control group( P <0.01).Conclusion Lead is harmful to the health of descendent of working women.