战略抉择与危机应对——基于尼克松政府应对1971年南亚危机的研究

Strategic Choice and Crisis Response——A Research based on The Response the Nixon Administration to South Asian Crisis of 1971

1971年南亚危机是冷战时期一次具有重大国际影响的地区危机。如何在有效缓解危机的同时,推进全球战略调整而不受关键国家巴基斯坦内部动荡的影响,是尼克松政府在应对此次危机过程中必须解决的首要问题。为此,尼克松政府以美国对外战略的总体规划为基点构筑以偏袒巴基斯坦为核心的应对之策。从影响危机应对的具体因素来看,包括三个方面:其一、以处理印巴危局为契机,力促中美接近;其二、支持巴基斯坦这个"旧时"盟友,彰显美国在战略收缩之时,在对盟国安全承诺方面不打折扣;第三、白宫与国务院的权力纷争。

The South Asian crisis of 1971 was a regional crisis in the era of the Cold War which had vital international influence.In supporting the Government of Pakistan as the bottom line of crisis policy,how effectively alleviating the crisis,while promoting the adjustment of its global strategy without being affected by the turmoil in Pakistan was the basic issue the United Stats had to handle.Based on the overall target of American foreign strategy,the Nixon Administration worked out its crisis response.The factors that influenced crisis response include: promoting the relations between China and the U.S.,supporting Pakistan——this former ally,and then the power struggle between the White House and the State Department.