试析性别差异对军费开支的影响

The Impact of Gender Differences on National Military Expenditure

随着女性就业和参政议政的比率日益增加,国际关系学者关注的一个问题就是,这一趋势对于国际关系领域的安全与合作有何影响?为了检验女性主义理论,作者进行了统计分析,发现性别因素的影响随着研究对象的不同而发生变化。对于世界大国,其军费开支基本不受性别因素的影响;但对于世界大国以外的其他国家,军费开支则在较大程度上受到性别因素的影响。女性主义的结论适用于大国之外的这类国家,女性就业率和女性议员比率可以解释这类国家的军费变化。但是对于世界不同地区,其结论又有所不同。在中东地区、亚洲、欧洲和北美地区,各国军费占政府开支的比率与该地区女性议员比率成反比。而女性的经济地位则并非如此,在中东这一女性地位相对低的地区,女性就业率对地区军费变化并没有显著影响;而在亚洲、欧洲和北美地区,其女性地位居于中等或较高位置的地区,各国军费占政府开支的比率与该地区女性就业率成反比。在分析和借鉴女性主义理论时需要考虑不同的研究对象与适用条件。

With more women employed in economic and political fields,what will international relations be under this trend of feminism? To test the feminist theory,the authors use statistical analysis and find that the influence of gender on international affairs changes in accordance with different objects.For great powers,the military expenditure will not be affected by gender while for others the conclusion is opposite.Feminist conclusions are applicable to these states,female employment rate and parliamentarian ratio can explain the change of military expenditure.For different regions in the world,the conclusion will also be different.The political status of women is significant,but women's economic status has no influence.In the Middle East,Asia,Europe and North America,the ratio of military expenditure is inversely proportional to female parliamentarian ratio.In the Middle East,where Women's status is relatively low,the female employment ratio of women has no influence on the military spending in this region.While in Asia,Europe and North America,where Women's status is relatively high,the ratio of military expenditure is inversely proportional to female employment ratio.Therefore,different objects and application conditions need to be considered for feminist theory.