体育锻炼中的社会分层:现象、机制与思考

Social Stratification in Physical Exercise: Phenomenon,Mechanism and Thought

从结构的视角出发对体育锻炼中分层现象进行了分析,并利用CHNS2006数据实证了体育锻炼的分层机制。通过分析得出如下结论:1)总体而言,我国居民体育锻炼行为中存在着显著的社会分层现象;2)体育锻炼分层形成既有个体因素的影响也有社会结构因素的影响;3)体育锻炼行为存在着显著的性别差异、城乡差异,在年龄和婚姻状态上也存在差异;4)年龄与体育锻炼之间呈现U型关系,已婚群体的体育锻炼显著地比未婚群体降低,说明了中国中青年的体育锻炼的时间和机会受到了"家庭生活"和"职业生涯"的双重挤压;5)通过对城乡模型的比较,发现农村与城市存在不同的分层机制。并指出农村群众体育的矛盾不仅有体育资源严重短缺,还存在体育资源被少数阶层所垄断以及由此产生的体育锻炼的不公平问题。社会分层将是现在乃至未来认识和分析体育社会不平等结构的重要视角,其中的许多问题值得进一步深入分析和探讨。

From the angle of the structure, the author analyze the phenomenon of sport stratiti- cation and empirical analysis the mechanism of sport stratification using the CHNS2006 data. Some conclusions as following.. 1 ） on the whole, there are singnificant sport stratification in residents physical activities; 2） there are individual factors and structure factors influence the sport stratification~ 3） there are singnificant difference of sport stratification in gender and ur- ban-suburbs 4） there are age and marital status difference in sport stratification. The relation- ship between age and physical exercise is U-form, married group＇s sports exercise significantly lower than unmarried group, and explains the young Chinese sports exercise of the time and opportunity to by the ＂family life＂ and ＂career＂ to the double pressure 5） through the com- parison of the model of urban and rural, we reveal that the countryside and the city have differ- ent stratification mechanism. Then the author points out that the contradiction between the ru- ral sports have not only the serious shortage of sports resources, there also is a minority sport resource monopoly class and the resulting physical exercise unfair question. Finally, the author points out that the social stratification is an important perspective for us to clarify social ine- quality structure even in future. Some of the problems worth researchers further analysis and discussion in deeply.