中国儿童青少年形体测量学参数调查

Study on physique index set for Chinese children and adolescents

目的测量中国儿童青少年不同性别年龄组身高、腰围（WC）、臀围（HC）、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、腰围身高比（WHtR）等参数及计算其均数、标准差、百分位数，为进一步确立该人群代谢综合征诊断标准提供依据。方法2009年10月至2010年10月选择北京、天津、杭州、上海、重庆和南宁市7。16岁中小学生共22197人[最终人组21858（男／女：11460／10398）人]为调查对象。按标准化方法测定各年龄组儿童身高、体重、HC、WC、BMI和WHtR等数据，并比较不同区域（北部、中西部、东部）儿童青少年形体学参数的差异。结果（1）男女生身高、体重、WC、HC、BMI均随年龄有逐渐上升趋势，而WHR却有逐渐下降趋势（男生7-16岁由0．87逐渐下降至0．81，女生由0．84逐渐下降至0．76）。（2）WHtR受年龄影响小。女生基本稳定在0．42-0．43；男生略有波动，≤11周岁基本稳定在0．44-0．45，≥12周岁时逐渐下降（由12周岁时的0．45下降到16周岁的0．42）。（3）北部地区（北京、天津）各年龄组平均身高、体重、BMI明显高于中西部地区（重庆、南宁）及东部地区（上海、杭州）（P〈0．001），中西部地区又略高于东部地区（P〈0．05）。结论中国不同地区6市儿童青少年形体学参数中WHtR不受年龄、性别影响，其变异程度小且相对稳定，可作为反映儿童青少年中心性肥胖的简易指标。

Objective To provide data as age-gender dependent mean, standard deviation and percentile on height, weight, waist circumference （WC）, hip circumference （HC）, body mass index （BMI）, waist hip ratio （WHR）, waist to height ratio （WHtR） among 7-16 year-olds Chinese children and adolescents, towards setting up diagnostic criteria on metabolic syndrome for them. Methods A representative sample involving 22 197 children and adolescence aged 7 to 16 years were randomly surveyed and they were from 6 representative geographical areas, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing and Nanning. A total of 21 858 had available data, with male/ female ratio as： 11 460/10 398. Using the standard methods, we measured height, weight, WC, HC, BMI, WHtR and other data in all age groups. Physique indexes among different geographic regions （North, Mid-west and East） were compared. Results （1） Both male and female showed an increasing trend of height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and BMI along with the increase of age. WHR of girls decreased gradually from 0.84 to 0.76 went from 7 to 16 years old while WHR of boys changed from 0.87 to 0.81 accordingly. （2）WHtR was rarely affected by age. It fluctuated between 0.42-0.43 in all girls and 0.44-0.45 in boys less than 11 years. WHtR of boys older than 12 years showed a slight decline from 0.45 to 0.42 of WHtR. （3）The average height, weight,BMI of children and adolescents from the northern regions （Beijing, Tianjin） were significantly higher than that of the mid-western （Chongqing, Nanning） and the eastern regions （Shanghai, Hangzhou） （P〈0.001 ）, while those from the mid-western region were slightly higher than that of the eastern region （P〈0.05） in each of the age group. Conclusion Reference values and percentile curves for WC and WHtR of Chinese children and adolescents were provided. For the assessment of central obesity. WHtR had the advantages of relative stability and small degree of variation and rarely affected by age and gender, when compared with WC, and could be used as an simple index to reflect the central obesity of children and adolescents.