“威慑”与“禁忌”：艾森豪威尔政府在韩国的核部署

“Deterrence” and “Taboo”:the Nuclear Deployment of the Eisenhower Administration in the Republic of Korea

朝鲜战争后,艾森豪威尔政府的对外政策力求保持国家安全与经济发展的平衡,这在美国对韩政策上则体现为裁减韩军规模和驻韩美军的"现代化"。在驻韩美军装备核武器问题上,美国国务院因顾及西方盟国的反对、李承晚借机"北进"等因素而犹豫不决,而国防部则希望尽快部署以提升美军威慑力,维持南北军事平衡;在此问题上,双方进行了持久的争论。在美韩就裁减韩军的谈判过程中,李承晚抵制裁军的顽固态度最终推动国务院接受国防部的意见,以在韩部署核武器换取韩国同意裁减韩军。至此,华盛顿最终作出了在韩国部署核武器的重大决策。

After the Korean War,the Eisenhower administration's foreign policy sought to maintain a balance between national security and economic development.In terms of America's Korea policy,this was manifested in the reduction of ROK troop numbers and the 'modernization' of US Forces Korea(USFK).On the issue of equipping the USFK with nuclear weapons,a long-running dispute arose:on the one side,the US Department of State was hesitant because of the opposition of its Western allies and the fear that Syngman Rhee would use the opportunity to attack North Korea;on the other,the Department of Defense wanted them deployed as soon as possible to enhance US military deterrence and maintain the north-south military balance.Syngman Rhee's stubborn opposition to troop reductions for the ROK army during the negotiations between the US and ROK on the subject ultimately led the State Department to accept the views of Defense on the deployment of nuclear weapons in the ROK in exchange for the latter's agreement to troop reductions.At this point,Washington finally made the momentous decision to deploy nuclear weapons in South Korea.