X射线汤姆孙散射在温稠密物质研究中的应用

X-ray Thomson scattering in warm dense matter

温稠密物质(warm dense matter,WDM)是近年来兴起的一个前沿研究领域,它处于传统的凝聚态与等离子体状态之间的过渡状态.此状态下的物质广泛存在于宇宙和实验室中,如巨行星的内核、惯性约束聚变的内爆燃料等.然而人们对温稠密物质又是陌生的,因为传统的凝聚态和等离子体物理的理论和实验方法难以用于研究这样的物质状态.近几年,随着高功率激光装置以及诊断技术的发展,人们发展出X射线汤姆孙散射方法,对温稠密态物质开展了深入的研究,获得了重要的实验结果.

Warm dense matter exists throughout the universe, such as in the evolving surface layers of stars or in the inner cores of giant planets, and this state of matter influences our daily life deeply （as in the production and propagation of our Sun＇s light）. This extreme state of matter cannot be explained by traditional condensed matter physics or plasma physics, since it lies between the classical and quantum states. Recently, with the fast development of high power lasers, it has become possible to conduct experiments and test theories of the warm dense state. The existing theory developed for the corona plasma does not work well in this regime,but X-ray Thomson scattering has recently been successfully used in its diagnostics. A new theory is also required to analyze the experimental data