有机改性膨润土对压载水入侵生物的治理研究

Removal of Harmful Organisms in Ship's Ballast Water by Using Organobentonite

采用十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA+)改性膨润土为絮凝材料,以赤潮生物塔马亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、常见海洋微藻新月菱形藻(Nitzchia closterium),明亮发光杆菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)为有害生物对象,通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)观察HDTMA+与膨润土的反应机制,探讨了改性膨润土对压载水中有害生物的去除效果。结果表明:HDTMA+通过离子交换和表面吸附作用与膨润土发生了有效结合,改性后的有机膨润土具有较强的去除有害生物的能力。当有机膨润土的用量为0.030 g/L时,24 h内对塔马亚历山大藻的去除率大于85%,用量为0.060 g/L,新月菱形藻的去除率接近80%,并且浓度为0.30 g/L时发光菌已无法显示发光强度,而未经改性处理的原土在相同用量下没有表现出明显的去除作用。反应温度、老化时间、HDTMA+用量以及溶液的盐度、有机膨润土粒径等条件是影响有害生物去除效率的重要因素。

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium（HDTMA＋） was chosen to combine with bentonite and the microstructure and interaction of the bentonite before and after modification were analyzed by TEM,SEM and FTIR analysis.Synthesized organobentonite was applied to remove red tide organism Alexandrium tamarense,Nitzchia closterium,and the ocean microorganism Photobacterium phosphoreum.Results indicated that HDTMA＋ was integrated with bentonite by cationic exchange and surface sorption,and the organobentonite had an excellent ability to remove harmful organisms,and within 24 h could kill more than 85% Alexandrium tamarense and 80% Nitzchia closterium under the application of 0.030 g/L and 0.060 g/L respectively.At the concentration of 0.30 g/L,Photobacterium phosphoreum has not been detected any photo intensity.The experimental conditions such as reaction temperature,aging time,salinity and concentration of HDTMA＋ and particle size of organobentonite were also discussed as to affect antimicrobial efficacy on harmful organisms.