重庆三峡库区非点源污染评价与影响因子分析

Non-point Pollution of Three Gorges Reservoir Region in Chonqing:Assessment and Affecting Factors

选取重庆三峡库区4个行政建制镇进行非点源污染监测与调查,以COD、TN、TP、Cu、Zn等指标为主要研究内容对库区农村环境进行污染特性分析并且利用等标污染负荷法对其生活污水、生活垃圾、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、化肥流失、农药流失、水土流失等污染源进行非点源污染评价。结果表明:COD、TN、TP、Cu、Zn的平均排放浓度分别为22.15 mg/L、6.37 mg/L、1.49 mg/L、47.73 g/kg、85.24 g/kg,库区主要污染物依次为TN、TP、COD、Cu、Zn等,主要污染源依次是畜禽养殖、化肥流失、生活污水、生活垃圾、农药流失、水土流失、水产养殖等。采用SPSS软件对影响库区环境污染的季节、收入水平、地域、畜禽养殖规模、环境基础设施完善程度等因子进行了分析,结果显示:COD主要影响因子是地域和畜禽养殖规模,TN主要影响因子是季节、地域和畜禽养殖规模,TP主要影响因子是环境基础设施完善程度、畜禽养殖规模和地域,Cu、Zn主要影响因子均是畜禽养殖规模。该研究可为重庆三峡库区生态修复、城乡统筹下的城乡规划及产业布局提供理论基础。

Four townships of Chongqing municipality,situated in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,were surveyed with regard to the situations of non-point pollution which comprised the pollution sources of sewage,garbage,animal breeding/aquatic cultivation,and losses of fertilizer and pesticides alongside with water and soil erosion in those areas.Field investigations in the countryside for consecutive six months were conducted including large amount of sampling and analysis,which indicated that TN,TP COD,Cu and Zn were,among others,the main pollutants which could trace to the sources of animal breeding,loss of chemical fertilizer,household sewage and refuses.SPSS model was used to analyze the factors affecting environmental pollution in rural areas of the townships such as farmers＇ income level,scale of the intensive animal breeding and condition of rural environmental infrastructures.