投保人信赖利益保护问题

Study on Safeguarding the Insurance Applicants' Reliance Interest

就如何维护投保人的信赖利益这一问题,理论上存在三种方案,即扩大合同成立的可能性、认定存在先合同义务以及扩大保险人的侵权责任范围。通过合同法或侵权法的一般原则来保护投保人的信赖利益均有可能侵蚀合同自由原则。相对而言,先合同义务理论实际上是一种理性平衡裁判术,在类型化的限制之下,既可维护合同自由,又可实现个案正义。

Theoretically, there exist three schemes for safeguarding the insurance applicants＇ reli- ance interest, i.e. enlarging the probability of contract＇ s formation, recognizing pre - contract liability and enlarging insurer＇ s tort obligation. The way of protecting insurance applicant＇ s reliance interest through the general principle of contract law or tort law may sap the principle of contract＇ s freedom. Comparatively, the theory of pre - contract liability embraces the arbitrational techniques of balancing ra- tionally, which could attain case - by - case justice without damaging the principle of contract＇ s freedom under the control of categorical schemes.