宋代流外官制度初探

The Research of the Liu Wai Officers System in the Song Dynasty

宋朝流外官制度承因唐制,但与唐朝已有所不同。流外官是指通过铨选考试补正名的京师诸司吏员,其铨选机关是流外铨,隶于吏部。铨选之法与流内铨选相通,铨选对象包括两部分,一是由官吏直接保引,以私名祗役的亲属、子弟,一是州县诸色役人选补至诸司者。流外官任职后,可依例叙理劳考,循资迁补,甚至出职入流,但需要举主保荐,并通过由皇帝主持的引对,且年龄符合规定,方可出职。流外官制度是宋朝官僚体制中的重要组成部分,从中可对宋代官冗现象有更为深入的了解。

The Liu Wai officers system in the song dynasty follows the tang dynasty,but there is a world of difference between the two.The Liu Wai officers are the officers of the departments and commissions under the central leadership who through the exam,the department responsible for the work is the department of the Liu Wai official selection,attached to the Ministry of Personnel.The System of Selecting Officers of the Liu Wai officers as with the Liu Nei,the object of selecting cadres contain the children of cadres and the clerk of local government.After arriving,the Liu Wai officers were promoted according to their working hours,but needed someone to recommend,pass the qualified interview at the royal palace,and meet the age requirement.As an important component of central organizations,it can give us an insight into the problem of the redundant officials.