1Nan Schuurmans MD,FRCSC, Edmonton AB,Catherine MacKinnon MD,FRCSC, Brantford,ON Carolyn Lane MD,CCFP Calgary,AB Duncan Etches MD,CCFP Vancouver BC,刘铭（译）,段涛（译）.产后出血的预防和处理指南[J].现代妇产科进展,2007,16(3):175-185. 被引量：152
2乐杰.妇产科学.人民卫生出版社,2005:245.
3Sheiner E, Sarid L, Levy A, et al. Obstetric risk factors and outcome of pregnancies complicated with early postpartum hemorrhage: a population-based study [J]. J Matem Fetal Neonatal Med, 2005, 18(3):149-154.
4Maughan KL, Heim SW, Galazka SS. Preventing postpartum hemorrhage: managing the third stage of labor[J]. Am Fam Physician, 2006, 73(6): 1025-1028.
5Leduc D, Senikas V, Lalonde AB, et al. Active management of the third stage of labour: prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage [J]. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2009, 31(10): 980-993.
6Cao ZY.Chinese Obstetrics and Gynecology[M].2nd ed.Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2004:956.
7ACOC Practice Bulletin.Postpartum hemorrhage[J].Obstet Gynecol,2006,108:1039.
