第16届世界男子篮球锦标赛挡拆配合新特点研究

Research on New Characters of Pick and Roll Performance from the 16^(th) FIBA Men's Basketball World Championship

以第16届世界男子篮球锦标赛8强球队和中国队的挡拆配合临场表现为研究对象,按照"挡的动作效果、挡后处理球方式"分别建构观测指标体系,采取视频分析、专家访谈和数理统计等方法研究当前世界男子篮球挡拆配合新特点以及中国队存在的差距。初步分析表明,美国队挡拆总频次最低;世界强队"常规挡"和"接顺挡"两项指标比较均衡,中国队"接顺挡"欠缺;只有塞尔维亚队较好地掌握了"双人连贯挡";中国队"传弱"与各队差距较大;塞尔维亚队挡拆的系统性最好,土耳其队、中国队挡拆的系统性最差。系统聚类结果是:俄罗斯队、斯洛文尼亚队、立陶宛队,西班牙队、阿根廷队、土耳其队,中国队,塞尔维亚队,美国队分别聚为一类。通过检验聚类有效性表明聚类结构良好。通过计算聚类中心及其各指标权重(%)并结合视频观察和专业判断进一步分析各聚类特征:俄罗斯队、斯洛文尼亚队、立陶宛队挡拆具有创新性且配合默契,西班牙队、阿根廷队、土耳其队挡拆时组织后卫控球能力强且配合具有突然性和威胁性,塞尔维亚队挡拆质量高、系统性强且有绝招,中国队挡拆比较被动,美国队挡拆表现最差。最后总结了当前世界男篮挡拆配合的8个新特点。

With aiming at match performances of pick and roll from teams of top 8 and Chinese team in the 16th FIBA Men＇s Basketball World Championship,this paper deeply analyzed the current pick and roll characters of world men＇s basketball and the existed difference in Chinese team by using video analysis,expert interviews and data processing.The results as follows：1） Preliminary analysis is that the frequency of pick and roll in America team is the least;It is balanced between convention screening and catching-ball-and-homeopathy screening among the world strongest teams,however,Chinese team is lack of catching-ball-and-homeopathy screening;At present,only Serbia team mastered well two-players-linking-up screening;Chinese team is comparatively short of passing-ball-to-the-weak-side;systematic of Serbia＇s pick and roll is the best,but the worst for Turkey and Chinese teams.2） Result of Hierarchical Clustering is that（Russia,Slovenia,Lithuania）,（Spain,Argentina,Turkey）,（Chinese）,（Serbia）,（America） are respectively clustered;Furthermore,effectiveness of clustering result is supported by corresponding hypothesis testing.3） Through calculating Cluster center and weights（%） of every corresponding indicators,and video observing as well as professional judging,the writer concluded that for Russia,Slovenia and Lithuania,pick and roll is innovative and coordinate;For Spain,Argentina and Turkey,the guards control ball very well while doing pick and roll,and pick and roll is unexpected and threatening;For Serbia,pick and roll has the unique skill,high quality,and systematic;For Chinese,pick and roll is passive;And for America,pick and roll is the worst.Based on the above analysis,eight new characteristics of pick and roll among excellent world men＇s basketball teams is summarized.