基于社会福利最大化的城市轨道交通补贴决策

Urban rail transit subsidy policy based on maximum welfare

以社会福利最大化为目标,以票价、发车间隔、站间距以及服务区域面积等为决策变量,对城市轨道交通财政补贴问题进行了优化。针对无约束、盈亏平衡和补贴刺激三种状态分析了财政补贴的最优解决方案。并对无约束和盈亏平衡状态进行了敏感性分析,计算结果表明,对于城市轨道交通线路系统福利补贴在较广泛的范围内,最佳的福利曲线非常平坦。因此,在社会福利最大化的目标下,收支平衡财政补贴政策适合于城市轨道交通系统。在居住密度变化显著和道路网存在较大变化的区域,本研究结果可为政府对城市轨道交通系统的财政补贴提供依据。

Under a maximum welfare objective,an urban rail transit system is optimized subject to various financial constraints.For the system,the decision variables including fare,headway,route spacing,and service zone area are optimally solved to analyze unconstrained,break-even and subsidy cases.Numerical results and sensitivity analysis are presented in the paper.From the numerical evaluation,it is shown that the optimal welfare curve is very flat over a wide range of subsidies.Thus,with the welfare maximization objective,the break-even transit subsidy policy may be preferable for the urban rail transit system.The results derived from this study can support effective decision-making on urban rail transit systems in areas that may experience significant shifts in residential density,as well as geographic or physical changes in their street networks.