国家转型视角下的欧洲民族国家研究

A Study on the European Nation State in the Context of State Transformation

"民族国家"是诞生于欧洲的国家形态①,主要通过专制君主国转型和封建帝国解体而来。欧洲民族国家兴起过程中,"民族"起到整合国民认同、赋予国家合法性的作用。但从根本上说,"民族"只是建国的理由,民族国家在欧洲兴起的深层原因是推翻封建制度。欧洲民族国家的出现是历史进步,但建构过程也使世界付出沉重代价,两次世界大战均与其有关。同时,由于"民族意识"具有持久性,欧洲民族国家建成后,多数仍然面临"民族问题"困扰。当代欧洲,民族国家正在发生新的转型:各国的民族构成由单一向多元发展,国家主权行使方式在欧洲一体化和全球化中改变。本文认为,民族国家建构、欧洲一体化和全球化是一个进程的三个方面。到目前为止,民族国家仍是多层治理体系的核心与合法性的来源,不应得出其弱化的结论。

Nation-state is a form of state born in Europe.During the formation of European nation states,'nation' plays a critical role in integrating national identity and granting legitimacy to a state.However,the deep-rooted reasons for the rise of nation states in Europe lie in overthrowing feudalism.Although a progress in human history,the world has paid a very dear price for the emergence of European nation states.In the meanwhile,due to the persistence of the 'national consciousness',most of the European nation states are still encountering the 'national problems'.In contemporary European nation states,a new type of transformation is taking place.This paper argues that the construction of nation states,European integration and globalization consist of the three dimensions of a same process,and that nation state so far remains at the core of the multi-level governance and is still the source of legitimacy,which should not be underestimated.