从文化共同体到后古典民族国家：德国民族国家演进浅析

The Evolution of the German Nation State:from a Cultural Community to a Post-classical Nation State

长期封建割据造成德国民族国家的形成晚于英、法等传统西方国家。其建立民族国家的路径是先有民族,后有国家。德国民族国家是建立在由血缘、历史、语言、文化等要素构成的"文化共同体"的基础上,这一文化共同体同时也构成了德国民族认同的核心要素。受到历史和地缘政治因素的影响,德国民族国家的发展道路较为特殊,这也决定了其融入西方过程的曲折与漫长。20世纪90年代,两德重新统一后,德国与其他欧盟成员国一样进入后古典民族国家形态,将主权部分地让渡给超国家共同体。德国民族国家目前需要解决的是欧盟治理结构中的"新德国问题"。

The German nation state came into being at a much later time than that of the traditional western countries.The formation of the German nation preceded that of the state.The German nation state is founded on a cultural community composed of common blood,history,language and culture,which is the key to the forming of German national identity.Historical and geopolitical elements led to a unique development path for Germany,full of twists and turns before it became fully integrated into the West.And it is just this complicatedness which decides that the construction of German national consciousness and national identity endured a very unusual process.After the re-unification of Germany,it has entered a stage of post-nation-state,transferring part of its sovereignty to the supranational European Union.The problem facing the German nation state at present is to find a legitimacy for its leading role in the framework of European governance.