城市公园植物群落空间特征与私密度关系研究——以杭州为例

Research on the Relationship between Spatial Characteristics of Plant Community and Privacy Degree in Urban Park——Case Study of Hang Zhou

植物群落是城市公园发挥景观游憩功能的重要载体,营造不同私密程度的群落空间是实现其游憩功能的重要途径。因此,植物群落空间特征与私密度关系量化研究对空间设计有重要指导意义。以城市公园可进入植物群落为研究对象,对群落结构和空间特征进行调查,计算覆盖度、围合度、空间宽高比(D/H)、面积4个空间特征指标,并用SD法将空间私密度量化。以空间特征指标为自变量,私密度为因变量进行多元线性回归建模,得到方程:Y=2.182X1+2.185X2-0.425X3-0.001X4-1.75(R2=0.907),其中X1为覆盖度、X2为围合度、X3为D/H、X4为面积、Y为私密度。结果表明4个空间特征指标均与私密度显著相关,经验证,方程能反映空间特征和私密度的关系。对一800m2样地进行初步的空间设计,固定其面积和D/H,可通过方程控制围合度和覆盖度使不同层次空间满足其私密度需求,从而指导空间划分和构建工作。

Plant community is an important carrier, through which urban parks offer recreational services, and creating various plant spaces with a diverse range of privacy is one of the most significant ways to approach recreational function. Accordingly, the quantitative research on the relationship between spatial characteristics of plant community and privacy degree sets the direction for space design. In this research, plant community was taken as a study object, and the structure of plant community as well as spatial character were investigated. Furthermore, four spatial characteristic elements： coverage degree, enclosure degree, D/H and area were calculated and spatial privacy was quantified by SD method. Regarding spatial elements as independent variable, privacy as dependent variable, an equation： Y = 2.182 X1 ＋ 2.185 X2 - 0.425 X3 - 0.001 X4 - 1.75 （R2 = 0.907） was made by a mathematics model of multiple linear regression, where X1 is coverage degree, X2 is enclosure degree, X3 is D/H, X4 is area and Y is privacy degree. The result demonstrates that four spatial elements directly associated with spatial privacy, the formula could elucidate precisely the relationship of spatial characteristics and privacy degree. Taking a space design of an 800 m2 area for instance, if the area and D/H have been assured, the different level of requirements of spatial privacy could be achieved by adjusting coverage degree and enclosure degree in the formula above, in order to further guide space division and construction.