武陵青花椒壳挥发油成分及脂肪酸分析

Analysis of chemical components of volatile oil and fatty acid from pericarps of Wuling Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.Et Zucc

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取武陵青花椒壳中的挥发油成分,提取率分别为6.4%和8.5%。再用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对挥发油成分进行分析,用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。两种方法均鉴定出43种化合物,其中水蒸气蒸馏法以β-芳樟醇(66.91%)、反式-橙花叔醇(6.28%)、D-柠檬烯(5.24%)、4-萜烯醇(2.6%)为主,同时蒸馏萃取法以β-芳樟醇(64.32%)、D-柠檬烯(5.97%)、反式-橙花叔醇(4.17%)、反式-9-十八烯酸(3.09%)为主。同时对挥发油进行甲酯化,然后用GC-MS对挥发油中含有的脂肪酸进行了分析,共分离鉴定出6种脂肪酸。结果表明:两种方法提取的挥发油的组成及含量存在差异,挥发油中主要为不饱和脂肪酸。水蒸气蒸馏法对无极性和弱极性的萜烯和萜醇类化合物提取效果较好,而同时蒸馏萃取法适于各种极性化合物,对极性稍强的脂肪酸和酯类有较好的提取效果。

Two different extraction methods（steam distillation SD and simultaneous distillation and solvent extraction SDE）were used to extract volatile oil from pericarps of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.Et Zucc.The volatile oil contents were respectively 6.4%（SD）and 8.5%（SDE）.Then GC-MS was used to analysis of volatile oil,and peak area normalization method was used to determine the relative content of the component.43 compounds were identified by GC-MS for each method.In these compounds,the main components extracted by SD method were beta-Linalool（66.91%）,＋/-trans-Nerolidol（6.28%）,D-Limonene（5.24%）and 4-Terpenol（2.6%）.And main components extracted by SDE method were beta.-Linalool（64.32%）,D-Limonene（5.97%）,＋/-trans-Nerolidol（4.17%）,and（E）-9-Octadecenoic acid（3.09%）.Moreover,the volatile oil was methoxy-carbonylated by carbinol and analyzed by GC-MS,and six fatty acids were identified.The results showed that the compositions and contents of volatile oil were different using different extraction methods,and the fatty acids in volatile oil were mainly unsaturated fatty acids.Among the two methods,the SD method was effective for extracting non-polar and weakly polar terpenes and terpenoid compounds,while the SDE method was suitable for the extraction of all kinds of polar compounds,such as fatty acids and esters.