从个人唱和到群体表达——北宋非集会同题写作现象论析

From Individual Singing to Group Expression——On Writing on Same Subject at Non-Assembly Occasions in Northern Song Dynasty

多人同题写作现象在中国由来已久,起初往往产生于文人集会之中,到唐宋时期,则逐渐频繁地出现非集会的模式。从北宋时期《明妃曲》、"超然台"、《千秋岁》、"中兴碑"等多次同题写作现象来看,这种写作方式的实现,不但依赖于当时信息传播的便利,也体现了士大夫作者在集体表达上的发展:从朋友圈子开始,通过政治立场、文学趋尚等方面的互相认同,而走向公共化;从有意的邀约、组织,而走向众人的自发唱和;从偶然的情感共鸣,而走向多角度、多主题的自觉探讨。这说明北宋士大夫阶层已具有普遍的文学关联,对当时的文学环境形成了整体认识。

Writing on the same subject by multi writers has a long history in China,and in the early period it was generally confined to the context of scholar assembly.But in Tang and Song Dynasty,it began to frequently appear at non-assembly occasions.As the works with a certain subject such as Ming Fei Qu,Chao Ran Tower,Qian Qiu Sui,and Zhong Xing Stele in Northern Song Dynasty have showed,the existence of this phenomenon was not only based on the convenience of information transmission but also closely connected to the development of scholar-bureaucrats' group expression: starting from the circle of friends,with mutual recognition in political standing and literary fashion,till open to the public;from the intentional invitation and organization to spontaneous singing and harmony;from occasional emotion echo to voluntary discussion from different angles with different themes.All these make clear that the scholar-bureaucrats were generally related to each other by literature and paid close attention to contemporary literary circles.