我国水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择

Species Selection for Deriving Water Quality Criteria for Protection of Aquatic Organisms in China

水生生物水质基准旨在保护水生生物不受水体中化学物质的有害影响,是水质基准体系的重要组成部分.不同区域水生态系统的生物区系不同,导致基准值也会存在差异.在综合研究美国、欧盟、加拿大、荷兰、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家和地区在推导水生生物水质基准的物种选择及其考虑因素的基础上,初步研究我国水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择原则.结果表明:推导我国水生生物水质基准需要选择来自8科的水生生物,分别为鲤科鱼类、硬骨鱼纲中的另一科、两栖动物纲的一科、浮游动物中节肢动物门和轮虫动物门各一科、底栖动物中节肢动物门和环节动物门各一科及一种最敏感的大型水生植物(或浮游植物),可全面代表我国水生态系统不同的营养级和生命形式.

As an important component of the water quality criteria system,the aquatic life criteria aim to protect aquatic biota from hazardous chemicals.The water quality values differ within ecosystems and in geographical regions.Based on overall analysis of the species selection for deriving aquatic life criteria in the United States,Europe,Canada,the Netherlands,Australia and New Zealand,the species selection required for deriving water quality criteria in China was discussed.The results showed that the aquatic organisms required for deriving the aquatic life criteria in China should come from eight different families： Cyprinidae,another family in Osteichthyes,a family in Amphibia,a family in Arthropoda and a family in Rotifera from zooplankton,a family in Arthropoda and a family in Annelida from Zoobenthos,and a macrophyte（or phytoplankton）.These can comprehensively represent different trophic levels and life forms in the aquatic ecosystem.