次降雨条件下坡度对坡面产流产沙的影响

Effects of slope gradient on slope runoff and sediment yield under different single rainfall conditions

以野外径流小区的次降雨产流产沙数据为基础,对不同次降雨条件下坡面产流产沙随坡度的变化规律进行研究.结果表明:降雨性质的差异对坡面产流随坡度而变化的影响较小,在研究区的6场次降雨中,坡面产流量随坡度的变化规律基本一致,坡面径流量均随坡度增大而增大,但坡面径流量随坡度增加而增加的趋势较弱,这主要由降雨量与入渗量之间的转化程度所决定;次降雨性质对不同坡度的坡面产沙规律有重要影响,一般情况下存在临界侵蚀坡度,但临界坡度不是唯一值,而是随着降雨特性的不同而不同,临界侵蚀坡度随径流量的增大而增大,临界坡度较大时,坡面产沙量随坡度变化而变化的趋势也往往较大.

Based on the field observation data of runoff and sediment yield produced by single rain- fall events in runoff plots, this paper analyzed the variation patterns of runoff and sediment yield on the slopes with different gradients under different single rainfall conditions. The differences in the rainfall conditions had little effects on the variation patterns of slope runoff with the gradient. Under the conditions of six different rainfall events in the study area, the variation patterns of slope runoff with the gradient were basically the same, i. e. , the runoff increased with increasing gradient, but the increment of the runoff decreased slightly with increasing gradient, which was mainly determined by the infiltration flux of atmospheric precipitation. Rainfall condition played an important role on the slope sediment yield. Generally, there existed a critical slope gradient for slope erosion, but the critical gradient was not a fixed value, which varied with rainfall condition. The critical slope gradi- ent for slope erosion increased with increasing slope gradient. When the critical slope gradient was greater, the variation of slope sediment yield with slope gradient always became larger.