高粱种质材料幼苗期耐盐碱性评价

Salt-alkaline tolerance of sorghum germplasm at seedling stage

采用Hoagland营养液砂培法,以NaCl和Na2CO3组成的混合盐碱对高粱幼苗进行胁迫处理,建立高粱幼苗期耐盐碱评价方法,并评价了66份高粱种质材料的耐盐碱性.结果表明:盐浓度在8.0～12.5g.L-1时,高粱耐盐碱品种‘TS-185’与盐碱敏感品种‘Tx-622B’在幼苗期的耐盐碱性差异明显,表明进行高粱幼苗期耐盐碱性评价时适宜的盐浓度范围为8.0～12.5g.L-1.在10.0和12.5g.L-12个盐浓度下,66份高粱种质材料的相对存活率、相对地上部鲜质量和相对株高的差异均达显著水平,表明不同品种的耐盐碱性不同.其中,‘三尺三’为高度耐盐碱品种,‘MN-2735’等16个品种为耐盐碱品种,‘EARLY HONEY’等32个品种为中等耐盐碱品种,‘Tx-622B’等16个品种为盐碱敏感品种,‘MN-4588’为高度盐碱敏感品种.苏丹草类型高粱一般具有较高的耐盐碱性,而保持系对盐碱较为敏感.

A sand culture experiment with Hoagland solution plus NaC1 and Na2CO3 was conducted to study the responses of sorghum seedlings to salt-alkaline stress. An assessment method for identif- ying the salt-alkaline tolerance of sorghum at seedling stage was established, and the salt-alkaline tolerance of 66 sorghum genotypes was evaluated. At the salt concentrations 8.0 - 12.5 g . L^1 , there was a great difference in the salt-alkaline tolerance between tolerant genotype ＇TS-185＇ and susceptive ＇Tx-622B＇ , suggesting that this range of salt concentrations was an appropriate one to evaluate the salt-alkaline tolerance of sorghum at seedling stage. At the salt concentrations 10.0 and 12.5 g .L^1, there existed significant differences in the relative livability, relative fresh mass, and relative height among the 66 genotypes, indicating a great difference in the salt-alkaline tolerance among these genotypes. The genotype ＇ Sanchisan＇ was highly tolerant, 16 genotypes such as ＇ MN- 2735＇ were tolerant, 32 genotypes such as ＇EARLY HONEY＇ were mild tolerant, 16 genotypes such as ＇Tx-622B＇ were susceptive, and genotype ＇MN-4588＇ was highly susceptive to salt- alkaline stress. Most of the sorghum genotypes belonging to Sudangrasses possessed a high salt- alkaline tolerance, while the sorghum genotypes belonging to maintainer lines were in adverse.