城镇化对钱塘江中游支流水质和底栖动物群落结构的影响

Impacts of urbanization on the water quality and macrobenthos community structure of the tributaries in middle reach of Qiantang River,East China

于2010年4月调查了浙江省钱塘江中游流域受不同城镇化强度影响的59条1～3级支流的水体理化、底栖动物群落及所在流域的土地利用,分析作为流域城镇化强度指标的不渗水地表面积比(PIA)与溪流水质和生物群落的关系.Spearman秩相关分析表明,TN、NH4+-N、PO43--P、TP、CODMn、电导率、水面宽、水深、细沙淤泥比(%)与PIA呈显著正相关,与林地(%)呈显著负相关.底栖动物指标与PIA的拟合曲线表明它们之间存在显著的非线性关系.其中总分类单元数、Shannon多样性指数、丰富度指数、EPT(%)及捕食者(%)、撕食者(%)、滤食者(%)、刮食者(%)与PIA呈显著负相关,与林地(%)呈显著正相关,但BI指数、集食者(%)、耐污类群(%)、寡毛纲(%)与PIA呈显著正相关.表明研究区域内随着城镇化强度的提高,城镇溪流表现出高氮、磷营养盐水平、物理生境退化、敏感底栖动物物种消失、耐污物种个体数量急剧上升等城镇溪流退化的共性现象.

The 59 lst-3rd order tributaries in the middle reach of Qiantang River are negatively affected by different intensities of urbanization. In April 2010, an investigation was conducted on the water bodies＇ physical and chemical properties and macrobenthos communities of the tributa- ries, with the relationships between the tributaries＇ water quality and biological communities and the percentage of ground surface impervious area （ PIA）, an indicator of urbanization intensity. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the water bodies＇ NH4＋-N, PO43^-P, TP, CODMn, con- ductivity, width, depth, and fine sand/silt ratio were positively correlated with PIA, and negative- ly correlated with forest land area. The fitted nonlinear regression equations revealed that all the test macro-benthic invertebrate＇ s parameters had significant relationships with PIA, of which, the total number of taxa, Shannon diversity index, richness index, EPT （ % ）, predators （ % ）, shredders （ % ）, filterers （ % ） and scrapers （ % ） were negatively correlated to PIA but positively correlated to forest land area, and the BI, collectors （ % ）, tolerance taxa （ % ） and oligochaeta （ % ） were positively correlated to the PIA. Our study indicated that under the impact of urbanization, these tributaries presented the common features of degradation, i. e. , high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, degradation of physical habitat, disappearance of pollution-sensitive macro-benthic invertebrate species, and dramatic increase of pollution-tolerant species individuals.