大别山区农村户主生命质量及影响因素分析

Quality of life and its influential factors among rural family heads in Dabie Mountain area

目的了解目前农村家庭户主生命质量及其影响因素,为有关部门制定科学卫生决策及合理配置卫生资源提供依据。方法整群抽取安徽省大别山区腹地某乡镇常住户主3 920人,利用自制调查表进行入户调查。结果有效问卷3 556份,有效率为90.7%;男性、女性户主分别为3 361和195人,平均年龄为(46.77±10.92)岁;生命质量平均得分为(18.34±2.17)分;男性户主为(18.34±2.16)分,略高于女性(18.17±2.38)分,差异无统计学意义;主观满意、不满意的家庭户主生命质量得分分别为(18.87±1.97)、(17.15±2.13)分,差异有统计学意义(t=227.408,P<0.000 1);主观健康满意度与生命质量得分呈正相关关系(r=0.380,P<0.000 1);多元线性回归分析结果表明,主观健康满意度、现患疾病、吸烟状况、是否使用肥皂洗手、2周内患病情况、1年内住院情况、睡眠质量、有病是否就医以及职业对农村家庭户主生命质量影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大别山区腹地农村家庭户主生命质量状况一般,应改善农村地区生存状况;年龄、职业、文化程度、现患疾病等是影响农村家庭户主生命质量的重要因素。

Objective To describe the quality of life（QOL） among the rural family heads in Dabie Mountain area and to determine its influential factors for making scientific policies and reasonable distribution of health resource. Methods Totally 3 920 family heads were randomly chosen with cluster sampling method from a town in Dabie Mountain area and were interviewed with a self-designed questionnaire. Results The total number of eligible questionnaire was 3 556 （ with a response rate of 90. 7%, 3 361 from the male and 195 from the female）. The mean age of the family heads was 46. 77±10. 92 years. The mean score of QOL was 18.34±2. 17 for the subjects. The univariate analyses showed that age,occupation,education level, marital status, economic condition, health status, and medical security had significant relation with OQL. The results of multiple linear regression found that subjective health satisfaction, health status, smoking, washing hands with soap or not,hospitalization in the latest year, seeing a doctor timely, sleep quality, disease history in latest two weeks, occupation, and age affected QOL among the rural family heads with statistical significances. Conclusion The QOL among the rural family heads in Dabie Mountain area is normal. Age, occupation, education level, health status are the significant predictors of quality of life.