农村居民高血压知信行健康教育干预效果评价

Effect of intervention on knowledge,attitude and practice about hypertension among rural residents

目的了解高血压健康教育对农村居民高血压相关知识、态度、行为的干预效果,为高血压预防提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法对在山东省莱芜市寨里镇抽取的2个农村社区共439名30～60岁农村常住居民进行高血压健康教育干预前后的问卷调查。结果干预3个月后农村居民对高血压的临界值、高血压的危险因素及高血压的危害等12项相关知识的知晓率均高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后农村居民相信高血压能预防、相信遵医嘱服药可以控制血压和相信改善生活方式可以控制血压者的比例分别为91.0%、83.6%和90.4%,均高于干预前的74.9%、65.6%和82.1%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后农村居民饮酒者的比例为34.6%,低于干预前49.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.3,P=0.000),干预后农村居民坚持低盐和低脂饮食者的比例分别为20.6%和24.9%,均高于干预前的7.5%和12.2%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高血压健康教育能提高农村居民高血压相关知识知晓率,改变其高血压相关态度和行为。

Objective To estimate the effect of health education on knowledge,attitude and practice（KAP） about hypertension among rural residents. Methods Questionnaire survey and laboratory test were used in a baseline study and an evaluation survey three months after the intervention.The intervention included distributing free low-sodium salt and salt spoon monthly,training to make low-salt diet in the family,and distribution of leaflets about ＂salt and hypertension＂. Results After the intervention,there were significant increases in health awareness,attitude toward low-salt diet,and hypertension-related knowledge（P0.05）.Compared with the baseline,the subjects showed significantly increased rates of low salt use and low fat diet（P0.05）. Conclusion The low-salt health education can significantly improve the relevant knowledge of hypertension in rural population and promote low salt and low fat dietary pattern among rural residents.