捷克高等教育市场化改革研究

On Higher Education Marketization Reform in Czech Republic

捷克的公立大学依然免费入学,这使大学准入异常激烈,结果是精英子弟受益、贫寒子弟受损。转型后大学获得的自治和自由,被用来阻挡高等教育市场化改革。捷克1994年和2001年两次旨在高等教育市场化的改革,都因决策层和公立大学校长的反对而流产。直到1999年捷克私立高等教育才出现,比起其他前苏东国家整整晚了十年,而且在诞生之初就被限定为"非大学高等教育机构"。捷克在高等教育成本分担方面,如大力发展私立高等教育、收取学费以及出台学生贷款系统等这三大措施上,一项都没有执行。由于缺少市场化强有力的一维,捷克高等教育成了跛足猫。

In Czech Republic,high education in public universities is free which makes the access extremely fierce.This benefits the students from elite families while damages those disadvantaged students.The autonomy and freedom of public universities gained after transformation were used to block higher education marketization reform.In 1994 and in 2001,two attempts of marketization reforms were both failed because of the opposition from the decision-maker and public universities＇ presidents.Private higher education was only emerged in 1999,which was 10 years later than other Central and Eastern European countries,and was limited to ＂non-university higher education institutions＂ at the very begin.On the aspects of sharing cost,e.g.encouraging private higher education,charging tuition fees,and establishing student loan,none of these three measures has been carried out,which leads to a hobbled Czech higher education system.