状位述宾短语的句法语义研究

The Syntactic and Semantic Study of the Verb-object Phrases as Independent Adverbial

基于语义语法的理论方法 ,秉承句法位置对短语分布具有选择性和限制性的基本理念,着眼于探讨状位对述宾短语的选择限制,本文研究述宾短语VP1+O[n/v/a]在句法结构"S+VP1+O[n/v/a]+地+VP2"中作状语所需的句法语义允准条件。文章首先回顾了前人对述宾短语作状语的研究成果,提出了判定述宾短语作状语的三种方法:基于O的直接判定法、基于VP1的直接判定法和句式分解优选判定法;其次,考察了述宾短语作状语时述语动词与宾语之间的韵律组合特征,阐明了状位述宾短语的四种分类方法:归纳事实、述宾双向选择、交集合一运算和概念词性参照;最后,文章把状位述宾短语分为感性类、知性类和意志类三大类,每类又分别包含四个小类共十二小类的语义类型,得出的类别可为自然语言处理构建状位的短语语义模型提供参考,还能为对外汉语教学讲授并操练复杂的句型提供必要的借鉴。

This article aims to study syntactic conditions of VP1 ＋ O[n/v/a] as adverbials in S＋VP1＋O[n/v/a]＋di＋Vp2 based on semantic grammar theory with the idea that syntactic position can determine and choose distribution of phrases. We first review the previous studies on verb-object as adverbial. Then, we present three methods to judge verb-object as adverbial, that is, the direct determination method based on O, the direct determination method based on VP1 and the preference method based on sentence decomposition. Thirdly, we explore the prosodic features between verbs and objects when verb-objects are adverbials. Fourthly, we argue four methods to classify verb-object, such as summarizing the facts, bidirectional choice between verb and object, unification based on intersections, cross-reference between concept and part of speech. Finally, we classify verb-objects into the perception, the understanding and the will and each can be re-classified into four types. The research result can be helpful to build an adverbial model in natural language processing and can be applied to the teaching of Chinese as a second language.