HIV-1自然感染中的中和抗体反应

Neutralizing antibodies responses during natural HIV-1 infection

中和抗体（Nab）可以防止I型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）侵入靶细胞。HIV-1感染数周后即可诱导产生Nab，这些早期抗体只能特异性地中和自体病毒但不能中和异源性病毒。在一些慢性感染者体内则可以检测到可同时中和同源性和异源性病毒的广谱中和抗体（BNab）。BNab的靶点通常位于包膜蛋白的保守区域。HIV-1BNab的产生还受到病毒变异及结构遮盖等因素的限制，同时Nab的中和广度与病毒载量具有相关性。

Neutralizing antibodies can protect a host against the infection by human immunodefi＇ciency virus type 1 （ HIV-1 ）. Neutralizing antibodies can be induced several weeks after infection. However, the antibodies induced in the early stage can neutralize only the autologous but not heterologous viruses. Nevertheless, broad neutralizing antibodies, which can neutralize both autologous and heterologous viruses, have been found in some chronic patients. Inaddition, broad neutralizing antibodies usually target the conserved regions of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. However, the envelope glycoprotein mutation and its structure shielding limit the induction of these antibodies.