蛋白酶活化受体2在皮肤生理病理功能中的研究进展

Pathophysiological function of proteinase activated receptor 2 in skin

蛋白酶活化受体2在皮肤的多种细胞均有表达，包括角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞、汗腺、真皮血管内皮细胞和外周神经纤维以及免疫活性细胞，如中性粒细胞、嗜酸粒细胞和肥大细胞。炎症性皮肤病如特应性皮炎、银屑病中PAR-2的表达显著上升，而在白癜风和基底细胞癌中则表达下调。蛋白酶活化受体2可被各种内外源性丝氨酸蛋白酶激活，活化后引起各种细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌和释放，主要发挥前炎症效应，促进炎症的发生，亦可调节皮肤的自我平衡和肿瘤监视。

Proteinase activated receptor 2 （PAR-2） is distributed in various skin cell types including keratinoeytes, fibrohlasts, sweat gland cells,dermal vascular endothelial cells, peripheral nerve fibers and immunologically competent cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells, The expression level of PAR- 2 is significantly increased in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, but reduced in skin lesions of vitiligo and basal cell carcinoma. Many kinds of endogenous and exogenous serine proteases can activate PAR-2, and activated PAR-2 mainly plays a proinflammatory effect and can promote the development of inflammation by inducing the secretion of various cytokines and release of chemokines. PAR-2 also rezulates skin homeostasis and tumor surveillance.