体能类竞速项目速度节奏研究进展

Perspective on Pacing Strategy in Energy-oriented Speed Programs

速度节奏是影响体能类竞速项目运动成绩的重要因素。在总结相关研究的基础上认为:(1)速度节奏的内涵分3层,分别是速度的变化、速度变化的原因以及个性化的战术选择及训练;(2)中枢控制理论是目前较为认同的速度节奏机制;(3)项目特征、持续时间、外界环境、训练水平和性别差异等几个因素对节奏的影响是大家关注的焦点;(4)速度节奏可分为全冲型节奏、积加速节奏、匀速节奏、消极节奏、抛物线型节奏和变换节奏等6种类型;(5)将来有关速度节奏的研究应在训练实践环节加以突破。

Pacing strategy has great impaction on the performance of energy-oriented speed programs.Based on reviewing relative studies we think that：（1） The content of pacing can be divided into three layers,which are speed change,reason for speed change and plan and train personal pacing;（2） Central Governor Model is the more accepted mechanism for pacing;（3） More attention has been focused on the impaction of projects feature,race duration,environment,training level and genders on pacing;（4） Pacing can be typed as all-out pacing,positive pacing,even pacing,variable pacing,parabolic-shaped pacing and negative pacing;（5） Future research on pacing should make breakthrough in pacing training.