生物活性炭填料反应器处理含盐水体的硝化性能

Nitrification performance of biological activated carbon packed-bed reactor for treating saline water

以颗粒活性炭为填料,采用盐度梯度两步驯化法构建含盐水体生物滤器硝化功能,研究了生物滤器稳定后水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)、进水氨氮负荷和CODMn/N等对反应器硝化性能的影响。结果表明,25～27℃,盐度30的含盐水体生物滤器硝化功能构建需73 d,其中淡水生物滤器硝化功能构建需28 d,淡水驯化为盐度15的生物滤器需19 d,盐度15驯化为盐度30的生物滤器需26 d;实验条件下生物活性炭填料反应器中生物量达到146～742.1 nmolP/g-BAC;调节进水氨氮浓度2 mg/L左右时,最佳HRT为1 h,氨氮去除率达到84.98%,相应的氨氧化菌和硝酸菌氧吸收速率(oxygen uptake rate,OUR)分别为2.091和1.948 mg O2/(g-BAC.h);HRT为1 h时,随着进水氨氮负荷的加大,氨氮去除率逐渐降低,当进水氨氮负荷由0.12增加到0.48 g-N/(kg-BAC.d)时,氨氮去除率由84.98%降低到41.68%,同时氨氧化菌OUR由2.091降低到0.625 mg O2/(g-BAC.h);随着CODMn/N的升高,氨氮去除率下降,CODMn/N从1～8时,氨氮去除率由84.98%降低到53.64%,CODMn去除率却逐渐增加,由40.86%增加到93.59%,异养菌OUR随着CODMn/N升高呈上升趋势,最大达到0.914 mg O2/(g-BAC.h)。

Two-step salinity gradient treatment was adopted to cultivate the nitrification of the saline biofilter,using granular activated carbon as the filter.Hydraulic retention time（HRT）,ammonia loading and CODMn/N were changed to investigate the influence on nitrification performance.The results demonstrated that at 25~27℃,73 days would be spent to cultivate the nitrification of the saline biofilter.It needed 28 days to cultivate the nitrification of the freshwater biofilter.The treatments of freshwater to salinity 15 and salinity 15 to salinity 30 were taken 19 days and 26 days,respectively.The biomass was up to 146~742.1 nmol P/g-BAC in BAC reactor under experimental conditions.When the influent ammonia was 2 mg/L,the optimal HRT was 1.0 h,and the removal rate reached 84.98%,meanwhile,the oxygen uptake rate（OUR） of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrate bacteria were 2.091 and 1.948 mg O2/（g-BAC·h）,respectively.The ammonia removal efficiency reduced with the increase of influent ammonia loading,when the HRT was 1.0 h.The ammonia removal efficiency decreased from 84.98% to 41.68% and the OUR of ammonia oxidizing bacteria decreased from 2.091 to 0.625 mg O2 /（g-BAC·h）,when the influent ammonia loading changed from 0.12 to 0.48 g-N/（kg-BAC·d）.With the increase of CODMn/N,the ammonia removal rate decreased,however,the CODMn removal efficiency increased.When CODMn/N changed from 1 to 8,ammonia removal rate decreased from 84.98% to 53.64%,but CODMn removal rate increased from 40.86% to 93.59%.The OUR of heterotrophic bacteria increased with the rise of CODMn/N and was up to 0.914 mg O2 /（g-BAC·h）.