马克思恩格斯劳动概念的生态维度解读

Interpretation of the Concept of Labour of Marx and Engles in the Perspective of Ecological Economics

马克思恩格斯在批判和反思近代工业文明社会异化劳动和吸收生态学思想的基础上形成了具有生态意蕴的劳动概念。在劳动概念中,马克思恩格斯提出了劳动的生态要素是主体自然与客体自然的有机统一,确立了劳动的生态尺度是人的尺度与自然界尺度的和谐统一,规定了劳动的生态本质是人与自然之间双向度的物质变换过程,这种物质变换是自然界内部自然循环的一环,人类必须将生产行为控制和调整在生态承载力限度之内,以消耗最少的资源获取物质变换的合理性与协调性。用马克思恩格斯的生态劳动概念指导生态文明建设,人类必须兼顾经济规律与生态规律,实现劳动目的由一维价值取向向多维价值取向转变,科学分析劳动的近期和远期效果。

Marx and Engles formed the concept of labour with ecological insight when criticizing and rethinking alienated labour in industrialized civil society while absorbing ecological thought.In the concept of labour,Marx and Engles suggested the ecological factor of labour is the organic integration of subjective nature and objective nature,confirmed the ecological measure of labour is the unity of human measure and natural measure,the ecological nature of labour is the two way transformation process of matter between human and nature,this transformation of mater is part of natural circulation,human productive activities must be contained within the limit of ecological capacity,to achieve coordination and rationality with minimized consumption of resources.Construction guided by the ecological labour concept of Marx and Engles must give weight on both economic law and ecological law,realize change of the aim of labour from one dimension to multi-dimension,analyze the effects of labour in both short term and long term.