营养支持对消化道瘘患者高代谢状态的作用

Effects of nutritional support on the hypermetabolism of patients with digestive tract fistula

消化道瘘多继发于手术后并发症，由于消化道瘘自身特点．多伴有多系统的感染．由于感染的存在．必然导致机体的高分解代谢。持续的高分解代谢延长机体的治疗病程。甚至影响预后。抑制机体高分解代谢状态．首要控制感染．由于消化道瘘感染的复杂性，其治疗措施是综合性的，而其中营养支持是重要治疗手段之一。多数临床医生近年也逐渐认识到了营养支持在消化道瘘治疗中的重要性。

Digestive tract fistulas are abnormal connections between gastrointestinal tract and other organs that most commonly occur after surgery. Morbidity and mortality associated with postoperative fistulas are substantial as they are highly associated with nutritional deficits, hypermetabolism, septic complications and concomitant diseases that may appear during prolonged hospital stay. Digestive tract fistula is a challenging condition that involves a multidisciplinary approach to management. The main treatment includes intestinal rest, correction of electrolytic disturbances, parenteral nutrition, protection of the skin surrounding the fistula, and treatment and prophylaxis of any related local or systemic septic complications. Nutritional support, which is an effective and promising treatment for patients with digestive tract fistulas, can promote the closure of the fistula and decrease the duration of hospital stay.