以行政区域统驭国内民族——抗战前国民党对少数民族的基本策略

Controling the ShaoShuMinZu in the Way of the Administrative Division:A Basic Strategy of the Kuomintang(KMT) on the ShaoShuMinZu before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

国民党和南京国民政府主张国民大会代表选举以区域选举为主或主要强调区域属性,不兼采民族代表制,目的之一是防止按民族区别特殊优遇会刺激其独立的民族意识,埋下民族分离的制度根源。部分少数民族认为只有专门规定本族国大代表名额,甚至实行单独选举,才能保障自身权益;他们纷起抗争的同时,不断强化各自的民族特性。国民党试图通过各种途径,将类似利益诉求纳入既定规范。国民党的制度设计有其维护民族与国家统一的合理成分,却也难免导致少数民族的参政机会和权益缺乏强有力的制度保障,成为双方日渐疏离的重要原因。

The Kuomintang(KMT) and the Nanjing National Government insisted that the election of the national assembly representatives should not adopt the system of Minzu Delegacy,but focused on regional election.One of the KMT's purposes was to prevent stimulating the Minzu consciousness based on the special race courtesy and 'sowing the seed' of Minzu separation.A portion of the ShaoShuMinZu believed that only through stipulating specially the Minzu assembly representative number,even through the separate election based on Minzu can their interests be protected;that is to say,they continuously strengthened their Minzu property by the struggle with the basic strategy of the KMT on the ShaoShuMinZu.By contrast,the KMT tried every means to limit the Minzu benefits demand by established standard.It was no doubt that the KMT's designs was to some extent reasonable at that time because those designs maintained the national integrity.However,for the lack of institution protection of the rights and interests of the ShaoShuMinZu's taking part in the political activities,those designs lead to the division between the KMT and the ShaoShuMinZu who had stronger and stronger own Minzu consciousness.