新异黏合语的生成机制分析

Motivation and generative mechanism of novel compounds in Contemporary Chinese

语义上没有内在联系的两个名词黏合构成的指称形式常常给人以另类新奇的感觉,本文称之为新异黏合语。新异黏合语从本质上看是复合词语,它是基于隐喻或转喻的认知手段而产生的。由于隐喻赖以成立的相似性主要受制于自然因素,转喻赖以成立的相关性除了自然因素之外,还有许多偶发因素的作用,因此,隐喻黏合语是绝对封闭的,而转喻黏合语则是相对开放的。从语义功能上看,隐喻黏合语是一种描写性命名形式,转喻黏合语是一种指示性命名形式。隐喻黏合语易于词汇化,语义解读不必联系特定事件,而转喻黏合语词汇化的概率较低,它的语义解读大多受制于特定事件。文章在分析中还提出了"事件转喻"这一新的认知范畴,并对"语言样板"作了阐释和发挥。

A combination of two semantically unrelated nouns usually makes a sense of novelty and extraordinarity,and forms compounds which are termed 'novel compounds' in this paper.A novel compound is essentially no less than a compound noun generated through the cognitive mechanisms based on metaphor and metonymy.While Similarity,from which a metaphor comes into being,is mainly determined by naturalness;association,on which to base a metonymy,is decided not only by naturalness but by various randomly presented factors as well.In this sense,therefore,the metaphor-based compounds constitute a rather close set whereas the metonymy-based compounds form a set relatively open.Semantically speaking,the metaphor-based compounds as a descriptive designation device are more subject to lexicalization and less dependent on specific events or states for their correct understanding,than the metonymy-based compounds which are mainly a deictic designation means.The paper also proposes a new cognitive category termed as 'event metonymy' and elaborates the concept of 'linguistic template'.