谁知圣人意,不尽书籍中——苏轼诗歌用典研究

Doctrines of the Saints Are Not All in Books(“谁知圣人意,不尽书籍中”)——The Study of the Usage of Allusion in SuShi's Poems

苏轼用典比前人以及同时代的其他作家更为灵活多态,能够从典故来源处汲取创作灵感,转换体物视角,借鉴创作经验,进而推陈出新。尤其是在语典使用中,转益多师,取长补短,形成多样化的创作风格。同时,还不断改进和拓展用典方法,既影响到诗歌的修辞,又影响到命意谋篇,为诗歌带来多义性、情节化等特点,体现出"有为而作"、"辞达而已"、"无中生有以追求神似"的诗学主张。

Su Shi used the allusion in his poems more flexibly than the predecessors and his contemporaries.He could get the inspiration from the sources of allusions,transform his perspective of observing objects,learn from creative experience,and then find new ways from the old ones.Especially in the usage of allusions,he could learn from different persons and notice their advantages to correct his disadvantage to form a variety of writing styles.At the same time,SuShi also continued to improve and expand the way of the usage of allusions,which affected the rhetoric of poetry and the conception and structure of poems,thus made the poem's ambiguity and had a plot to some extent,which shows his poetic viewpoints of 'writing for a certain meaning','just having a clear expression ',' out of nothing to pursuit the spirit likeness '.