构建面向“中国问题”的管理学研究范式

Establishing the Paradigm of Management Research Oriented towards "China's Problems"

在中国特色社会主义市场经济蓬勃发展之际,以管理实践为对象的管理学研究呈现出一些典型特征,具体表现为跨学科的交叉研究范式、基于实证方法的普适型研究范式、旁观者视角的"共情"缺失范式以及重"顶天"轻"立地"的理论崇拜范式。总体而言,依托西方理论的既有研究为管理学在中国的引进、学习和成长奠定了基础。但随着中国情境中的管理实践越发多样和个性化,现有研究呈现出高度外源依赖困境且难以满足实践需求,构建面向"中国问题"的管理学研究范式成为必要。该范式的具体内涵包括:树立面向"中国问题"的选题取向、立足实践感受的"序参量"发现中国问题、基于中国文化"操作系统"的"应用软件"设计、倡导"弱普适性"的临床医生式解决方案以及立足"中国问题"选择性提取既有成果。

In our country, the development of management science and economic development are closely linked, different development stages shows different characteristics. According to the degree of change of the Chinese enterprises＇ s marketization, Chunjun Zhao and Guisheng Wu （2008） divided the development track of management science in China into three stages, it is respectively： the introduction of the initial （1978 -1992）, learning and growth （ 1992 - 2001 ） as well as the integration and innovation （ since 2001 ）. If take the tangible results of economic development as the ＂hardware＂, while take the level of management practices and management science as ＂software＂, it should be noted that the western developed countries have experienced a hundred years of hardware results, while the chinese economy quickly finished the compression for 30 years. This reflects by the rapid expansion of economic scale and business scale ofrepresentative enterprise （ mainly refers to the large enterprises, which is beneficial to the people＇s livelihood ）. But enterprises＇ management level in practice andacademic level of management disciplines, these software are difficult to compressed in a short time to complete. The ascension requires ＂small fire to simmer＂. In this process, ＂hardware＂ and ＂software＂ is bound to produce out of synchronous and uncoordinated. Specifically, in the times of vigorous development of China＇ s economic, the management research have shown a number of typical characteristics. This is demonstrated in several aspects such as interdisciplinary cross-research paradigm, the universal type of research paradigm based on the empirical method,＂ empathy＂ missing paradigm of bystander perspective and the worship theoretical paradigm. Overall, the management research which was relying on western theories had laid the basis for disciplinary introduction, learning and growth. But along with the chinese situation and the management practice become more and more diversified and personalized, with the trend of globalization and strategy background of ＂going out＂, the problem of enterprise management in China has become the problem of management issues all over the world. The resolution of these issues need to be based on management practices of the Chinese mainland to refine management science. But the research has shown a high degree of for- eign dependence plight and difficult to satisfy the practice requirement. Following the management practice of chinese enterprise has been continuously enriched, the needs of the practitioners for academic achievements would be further enlarged. More urgent recruitment needs of qualified management personnel will also be the voice of the market, which force management research must be demand-oriented, practice-oriented and specific-oriented. And ultimately need to be problem-oriented. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the paradigm of management research oriented towards ＂China＇ s Problems＂. The core message of this paradigm including： establishsubject-oriented towards ＂China＇ s Problems＂, basing on the practicical experience to find ＂China＇ s Problems＂, based on chinese culture as ＂operating system＂ to design the ＂application software＂, advocate the ＇solution of clinician-style and selective extraction of existing achievements based on ＂China＇ s Problems＂. The features of practice of management is that only to find a point of law is difficult to he applied to practice, because there are too many contingent factors, the situation is always changing, and can not be used for the actual management situation. Therefore, the management science is more complex than mathematics. It is impossible to describe the management through the mathematics, but only through the image and vivid language to describe the specific management situations. Therefore, the subject property of management determines a point of rule is difficult to become really law, management science is only as a whole as the law. Practitioners can only combine with specific ＂problem＂ and dock with the specific issues to come to countermeasures. As the main body of providing more and more ＂possibility＂, management academies can only be based on ＂problem＂ to give more possibilities. Through the case and vivid depiction of＂ problem＂ as the basis to establish the proof of ＂possibility＂. Based on the micro, focus on the medium, we can face the macro!