要素市场配置与我国城乡居民收入差距研究

A Research of Factor Market Allocation and China's Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents

在我国城乡要素市场人为分割情况下,劳动力、土地、资本等要素在城乡间的流动受到限制,要素的这种错误配置导致了较低的配置效率,从而使得城乡间经济收敛的内在机制无法发挥作用。通过选取一定的统计指标,对1990-2011年我国城乡要素收入进行分解,用定性与定量相结合的方法分析要素市场配置对城乡居民收入差距的影响。研究表明,土地要素和劳动力要素对城乡居民收入差距影响最大。应采取完善要素市场配置体制,促进劳动力、土地、资本等要素合理配置,完善政府宏观调控职能等政策缩小城乡居民收入差距。

In the situation of China＇s Urban and rural factor market being artificially divided, the movements of labor, land, capital and other factors between urban and rural areas are restricted. Such incorrect allocation of factors leads to lower allocation efficiency, which makes the internal mechanism of economic convergence between urban and rural areas unable to play a role. By selecting certain statistical indicators to decompose China＇s urban-rural income factors from 1990 to 2011, this paper uses the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the impact of factor market allocation on the income gap between urban and rural residents. According to the research, the factors of land and labor have the greatest impact on urban-rural income gap. Therefore, some countermeasures should be taken to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, such as improving factor market allocation system, promoting the rational allocation of labor, land, capital and other factors, improving the government＇s macro-control functions, etc.