外国直接投资对中国城乡收入差距的影响:中国省际面板数据的经验检验

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on China's Urban-Rural Income Gap:An Empirical Test Based on China's Provincial Panel Data

二元劳动力市场模型的分析表明FDI对城乡收入差距的影响取决于高技能和低技能劳动力的供给弹性以及FDI对他们各自的需求影响。同时,利用1998-2010年中国29个省市的面板数据的实证研究也表明FDI在整体上有助于抑制城乡收入差距的扩大,这种效应在东部沿海地区尤为明显。此外,FDI通过改善农村劳动力的就业结构提高其工资性收入,从而缩小城乡收入差距。FDI的流入会通过贸易效应有利于缩小依赖加工贸易发展的东部地区的城乡收入差距;但另一方面,FDI通过人力资本效应的非均衡性扩大了城乡收入的不平等。

The analysis based on the dual labor market model indicates that the impact of FDI on the urban-rural income gap depends on the supply elasticity of high-skilled and low-skilled labor force as well as the influence of FDI on their demands respectively. Meanwhile, the empirical study with the panel data of China＇s 29 provinces and cities from 1998 to 2010 also indicates that on the whole FDI is conductive to narrow the urban-rural income gap, especially in the east Coastal region. In addition, FDI is able to increase the income of rural labors by improving the rural employment structure, thus narrows the urban-rural income gap. The inflow of FDI is also helpful to narrow the urban-rural income gap of the east coastal region which heavily relies on the development of processing trade through the trade effect; but on the other hand, FDI will enlarge the urban-rural income gap through the unbalanced human capital effects.