国际环保法规的现况及对表面处理行业绿色采购的影响

Current status of international environmental protection laws and regulations and their influence on green procurement in surface finishing industry

国际金融组织预期2020年中国的经济体系会超越美国,中国将成为第一超级大国。然而第二产业的急速发展,严重影响国家生态环境和国民健康,不利于可持续发展。欧美发达国家的环保概念、立法和执行皆较早和较成熟,值得借鉴。本文对美国环保法规如《清洁空气法案》(1970)、《有毒物质管理法》、《污染预防法案》(1990)、《加州65提案》和《消费品安全加强法》以及欧盟环保法规(如REACH法令等)进行了介绍。指出从事表面处理的企业必须配合国家绿色制造政策,积极落实清洁生产,政府应加强环保宣传和教育,以改变国民的意识形态,使行业能无污染地健康发展。

Global finance organizations forecasted that China will overtake USA as the No. 1 superpower by 2020. Whereas the rapid development of the second industry has created abundant ecological problems which not only have negative impact on sustainable development, but also affect the people＇s health and daily life. The earlier enactment of environmental legislation and its enforcement in western world is comparatively more matured and worth-studying. In this paper, the evolution of cleaner production and the step-by-step exercise of the environmental regulations in USA with progressive legislation and improvement such as the Clean Air Act （CAA, 1970）, the Toxic Substances Control Act （TSCA,1976）, the Pollution Prevention Act （1990）, California Proposition 65 （1986） and Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 （CPSIA） and the implementation of the complicated REACH directive in associated with the authorization of SVHC were elaborated.In order to achieve sustainable healthy development of the industry, surface finishers have to cooperate with central government＇s green manufacturing policy for the implementation of cleaner production. Nevertheless, proper national education coupled with propaganda is essential for the future growth of the finishing Industry.