绿洲灌区垄作沟灌栽培对春小麦生长和产量的影响

Effects of Bed Planting System on Growth and Yield of Spring Wheat in Oasis Irrigation Region

针对绿洲灌区水资源供需矛盾突出的问题,采用春小麦垄作沟灌的方法,研究了垄作沟灌栽培对春小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明,垄作沟灌栽培促进了春小麦根系的发育和地上部的生长。与平作相比,0～20、20～50和50～100cm土层内根长分别增加39.21%～40.60%、26.99%～27.58%和39.43%～59.49%,叶面积系数增加0.22～1.16,地上部分干物质积累量增加9.56%～42.68%,株高降低6.41cm。在相同灌溉定额下,垄作春小麦增产7.18%～34.97%,平均穗粒数和千粒重分别增加10.35%和5.05%,水分利用效率提高0.31～0.16kg·mm-1,说明垄作栽培具有明显的节水增产效果。

To resolving the problem of water supply and demand contradiction in arid areas,a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of bed planting system on growth and yield of spring wheat in oasis irrigation region in 2003-2008 in this paper.The irrigation method was changed from flood irrigation into furrow irrigation.The experimental results indicated that under the condition of bed planting system,the distributing depth of the root system and the growth of the over-ground part of spring wheat were enhanced.Compared with the conventional flat planting system,the advantages of the bed planting culture were as follows.First,the root depth of 0~20 cm,20~50 cm,50~100 cm soil was increased by 39.21%~40.60%,26.99%~27.58% and 39.43%~59.49%,respectively;LAI was increased by 0.22~1.16,the dry matter accumulation of the over-ground part was increased by 9.56%~42.68%,the plant height was reduced by 6.41 cm.Second,the bed planting system could greatly improve the lodging-resistance and drought-resistance of spring wheat.Finally,the bed planting system was also beneficial to exploiting the advantage margin effects of wheat,it increased the quantity of grain per ear and 1000-grain weight by 10.35% and 5.05%,respectively,and improved the yield by 7.18%~34.97%.The water use efficiency was improved by 0.31~0.16 kg/mm at the same irrigation levels.The results suggested that bed planting system should be a useful water-saving irrigation and yield-increasing method in oasis irrigation region.