陕西苹果黑星病 ( Venturia inaequalis)防治建议(英文)

Control options for Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) in Shaanxi Province of China

苹果黑星病是由黑星病原 (Venturia inaequalis)引起的 ,是全世界苹果产区最重要的一种病害 ,严重发生时苹果损失可达 70 % ,并造成落叶影响来年果芽生长势。三年来 ,发现该病害在陕西渭北苹果产区有所发生 ,因此果农在制定防治计划时必须考虑该病害 ,将其控制在一定范围内并尽快消灭。在此作者指出 :1 )春、初夏连续间隔一定时间适时喷药 ,并清洁果园以减少春季初侵染源是防治此病的关键 ,如果有侵染发生 ,夏季末及近收获季节应继续喷药 ;2 )推荐使用的治疗剂或杀菌剂有多果定 (dodine)、或demethylationinhibitor,抑制性 (DMI)杀菌剂如 fenarimol,penconazole,flusilazole orm yclobutinal等 ,亦可使用 Pyrimethanil;另外 ,治疗性杀菌剂必须与上述保护剂混合使用以重新建立化学农药保护层 (减少病原对内吸剂产生抗性的机会 ) ,多菌灵(Carbendazim)、benomyl和甲基托布津 (thiophanate- methyl)是比较便宜的产品 ,可用作治疗剂 ;3)正确识别、了解它在该地区的生活史及防治方法是控制发生的关键 ;应尽快进行菌源越冬情况、子囊孢子的释放时间 ,适宜发病季节、benzimidazole类农药的抗性以及如何将黑星病的用药情况与果园的整体管理相结合等方面的调查研究。

Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, is regarded as the most important disease of the apples and is found in practically all apple growing regions throughout the world. Sever infections can lead to a 70% or more loss of the total fruit value, defoliation, and poor fruit bud development for next year's crop. In the last three years, the disease has appeared in the Wei River apple growing region in Shaanxi province of China. Growers now need to consider this pathogen in their control schedule. We advise here that the disease can be managed by a series of carefully timed fungicide applications in the spring and early summer, together with phytosanitary measures to reduce the inoculum source in the spring. Some fungicide applications may be required in late summer and close to the harvest season, if scab infection is present in the crop. Awareness by growers of the importance, lifecycle and control of this disease, and their ability to recognise it in the field is also crucial to successful management. Research into overwintering sources, length of ascospore discharge, periods when conducive weather is likely to appear, benzimidazole resistance and integrating scab fungicide applications into overall orchard management would all be worthwhile investigating.