晋西山地果园集流节水保墒栽培技术研究

Research on water-harvesting and moisture keeping technique for orchards in hilly areas of West Shanxi

通过山地果园集流节水保墒栽培技术定位观测试验表明 :山地果园采用集流设施将汛期超渗产流蓄贮 ,既可减少果园水土流失 ,又能满足果树旱季用水 ,从而提高果树生产水平 ;采用穴贮肥水、叶面追肥、膜孔滴灌等节水措施 ,可以更有效地利用天然降水 ,加快秸秆沤制速度 ,提高土壤有机质含量 ;采用塑膜覆盖、覆草等措施可有效减少地面蒸发 ,调节地表温度 ,增加土壤有机质 ,该套用水模式具有简便、实用、经济效益高的特点。

The result of position experiment of water harvesting and moisture keeping technique for orchards in hilly areas shows: Storing the flowing rainwater by water harvesting facilities in orchards in hilly areas in flood season can not only reduce soil and water erosion, but also meet water requirement of fruit trees in dry season; Storing water with fertilizer in holes, applying fertilizer to leaf surface, adopting drip irrigation and other water saving measures can make more efficient use of precipitation, accelerate soaking of crop straws and increase the content of organic matter in soil; Mulching with plastic film or straws can reduce evaporation of land surface, regulate temperature of up layer soil and increase organic matter in soil. Hence such a mode of water use is characterized as being simple, practicable and economical.