失效模式与效应分析在脊髓损伤并截瘫患者预防压疮中的应用

Application of failure mode and effect analysis in pressure sores prevention of patients with spinal cord injury and paraplegia

目的探讨失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)在脊髓损伤并截瘫患者压疮预防护理中的应用效果。方法成立FMEA小组,将2010年1～12月收治的48例脊髓损伤并截瘫患者随机分为观察组(24例)和对照组(24例)。对照组进行常规护理,观察组运用FMEA方法对脊髓损伤并截瘫患者可能导致压疮发生的失效模式进行前瞻性原因分析、评估、计算,找出导致压疮4个最高危因素及高危操作步骤,并制定改进措施。结果实行改进措施后,观察组压疮发生率低于对照组。结论应用FMEA对脊髓损伤并截瘫患者进行评估、分析和采取相关措施,能有效防范风险,降低压疮的发生,提高护理质量,促进患者康复。

Objective To study the effect of failure mode and effect analysis （FMEA） in pressure sores prevention of patients with spinal cord injury and paraplegia. Methods 48 patients with spinal cord injury and paraplegia during January to December 2010, were divided into two groups, observation group （n = 24） and control group （n = 24）. The control group was given common nursing. The FMEA method was used in the observation group. Possible failure modes of pressure sores arose were find out, were forward-looking analyzed, evaluated and calculated. We fixed 4 high risk factors and made the countermeasures. Results The incidence of pressure sores in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Improving nursing methods found from FMEA for patient with spinal cord injury and paraplegia, can effectively prevent risks, reduce the incidence of pressure sores, improve the quality of care and promote patient＇s recovery.