学校公众聚集场所火灾中人员疏散预动作时间试验

Pre-evacuation Time Experiment in Public Assembly Occupancy of School Under the Fire

人员疏散时间计算是安全疏散设计工作中的重要内容,人员预动作时间对人员疏散时间影响显著,但公众场所火灾情况下人员疏散中的疏散预动作时间基础数据匮乏。本文针对学校公众聚集场所之一的教室开展了火灾疏散模拟试验,对火灾情况下的学生疏散预动作时间进行了采集。统计结果表明,人员疏散预动作时间不符合正态分布及其他类型分布;文中应用累积概率分布表示人员疏散预动作时间,并根据累积概率分布曲线模拟产生随机人员预动作时间,模拟生成的随机预动作时间分布与实验采集数据分布吻合较好,统计参数(均值和标准差)接近;可应用本文方法在人员疏散模型中对人员预动作时间进行模拟。

The calculation of evacuation time is an essential part of building evacuation safety design.Some investigations demonstrate that the effect of pre-evacuation time on evacuation time is highly significant.Therefore,the pre-movement time in evacuation time during a performance-based design should be considered.However,the essential data related to pre-evacuation time of public buildings in the case of fire is quite scarce.By carrying out an emergency evacuation experiment in classroom under fire-simulated condition,students＇ pre-evacuation time of assembly occupancy of school is focused on.Using video camera,a simulated evacuation process is completely recorded.The pre-evacuation time is defined as the time from smoke induced by tobacco spread to the classroom to the beginning of evacuation.With analyzing every one in the experiment,the data concerning with pre-evacuation times are collected.The statistical results of students＇ pre-evacuation times demonstrate that normal distribution or other distribution functions used in the previous publications are unable to characterize the students＇ pre-evacuation times.Using cumulative distribution function to express the pre-evacuation time is proposed and the cumulated distribution curve of pre-evacuation time is obtained by applying the method.In addition,the cumulated distribution of stochastic data generated according to the cumulative distribution function fits quite well with that of the experimental data.