公正判断中的“非理性”:加工特征、主要表现和影响因素

“Irrationality” in Justice Judgment: Processing Mechanisms, Main Forms and Influencing Factors

公正判断中的"非理性"研究是社会认知双过程加工理论在公正领域的拓展,也是不确定性管理和道德心理研究的延续。就加工过程而言,个体的公正判断可能同时依存"理性"和"非理性"两个结构和进化都不同的认知体系。置换过程、首因效应、极端判断、补偿偏见、责备无辜受害者和道德命令效应是公正判断中"非理性"的主要表现。自我因素、公正敏感性、道德认同、情绪状态和公正世界信念等个体变量是其主要影响因素。综合来看,目前公正判断的"非理性"研究还比较庞杂,其进化根源、生理机制、如何与理性过程交互作用等还有待深入研究。此外,结合社会现实问题、关注第三方视角、多理论解释的整合及多水平因素的交互影响可能是未来的研究方向。

Research of ＂irrational＂ justice judgment profits from insights of dual-process theory of social cognition, literatures in uncertainty management and moral psychology. Individual＇s justice judgment process may incorporate two distinctive cognitive systems differ in structure and evolution. 6 main forms of irrationality are discerned： substitutability process, primacy effects, extreme judgment, compensation bias, innocent victim blaming and moral mandate effect. Apart from situational factors like uncertainty and threatening situation, individual differences in moral identity, belief in just world and emotional state also have great impact on different forms of irrationality. In conclusion, the existing body of knowledge about irrational justice judgment are from many different fields of study. An integrated theoretical explanation and combined influence of factors at different levels are called for in the future, including its evolutionary origin, neural bases, and how it interacts with rational processes. The third party perspective and social reality approach are proposed as the direction of the future research.