共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析

Common Method Variance Effects and the Models of Statistical Approaches for Controlling It

共同方法变异(common method variance,CMV)指两个变量之间变异的重叠是因为使用同类测量工具而导致,而不是代表潜在构念之间的真实关系。虽然以往研究显示CMV不一定导致研究结果的偏差,在实际研究中应当加以考量。特别是在使用测量方法的研究中,如果数据来源越单一,测量方法越类似,CMV效应使研究结果产生偏差的可能性越大。CMV效应的控制方法包括过程控制法和统计控制法。在统计控制法的选择和使用上,需要重点考虑该方法是否分离了三大变异(特质变异、方法变异和误差变异),CMV效应是在测量构念层面还是题目层面,CMV效应是加法效应还是乘法效应。控制潜在方法因子途径是统计控制方法中最重要的一类方法,理解其模型是正确使用这类方法的前提。未来研究应当关注多个研究的CMV效应和侧重评估某个理论研究中CMV所引起的潜在的效度威胁。

Common Method Variance （CMV） refers to the overlap in variance between two variables because of the type of measurement instrument used rather than representing a true relationship between the underlying constructs. Researchers should give careful consideration to CMV although it may not surely bias the conclusions about the relationships between measures. CMV effect is often created by using the same method -- especially a survey -- to measure each variable. Procedural design and statistical control solutions are provided to minimize its likelihood in studies. A statistical control technique is a good solution if it can separate construct varience, method varience and error, and distinguish method bias at the item level from method bias at the construct level, and takes account of MethodxTrait interactions. Thus, method-factor approaches are better than partial correlation approaches. It＇s very important to understand the model of every method-factor approache for selecting statistical remedies correctly for different types of research settings. Etimating evaluate the effect of CMV within specific research domains and the effect of CMV on empirical findings within a theoretical domain should be concerned for further research.