长白山自然保护区兽类道路交通致死的初步分析

Mammal mortality caused by highways in the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve of Jilin Province,China

2007～2009年,按月对吉林长白山自然保护区环保护区的2条要道所造成兽类交通死亡状况以及车流量和车速等因素进行了调查。结果表明:(1)保护区道路交通致死的兽类种类达14种,占保护区种类的27%,以棕背鼠平、花鼠和大林姬鼠等为优势种类;(2)道路交通所造成的动物个体死亡为2.57±0.53头/10km,其中夜行性种类的致死率很高,达69.8%;(3)动物死亡主要发生在车流量为1～40辆/h的区间,占69.4%,尤以30～40辆/h区间的致死率最高;(4)动物致死率与每月的车流量显著相关,主要集中在5～10月,以9月的致死率最高。通过对兽类活动时间和生态习性分析,兽类交通致死主要发生在凌晨、傍晚或夜间时段。这可能与夜间车辆照明对动物产生视觉障碍有较大关系,加上车速快和车流量大,极易造成晨昏或夜间活动的动物的大量死亡。因此,建议在保护区路段上合理控制夜间车辆行驶时间,并对车流量和车速予以限制,从而有效减少动物道路交通致死。

Mammal mortality and related factors such as traffic volume and vehicle speed,were investigated monthly based on the two main highways in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve during three years（2007-2009）.Our results showed that：（1） there were at least 14 mammal species killed on the highways,representing at least 27% of mammal species occurring in this nature reserve,with three rodent species（Myodes rufocanus,Tamias sibiricus and Apodemus peninsulae） as the main species;（2） the intensity of mammal mortality was 2.57±0.53 individuals/10 km,and the mortality rate of nocturnal mammals accounted for 69.8% of the total;（3） mammal mortality was highly related to hourly traffic volume and accounts for 69.4% for 1-40 vehicles per hour traffic volume,with the highest for 30-40 hourly traffic volume;and（4） mammal monthly mortality was highly correlated with traffic volume and vehicle speed each month,with the highest mortality in September.According to the activities and habitats of mammal species,most of these mammals were killed during early morning,at dusk or at night.It is likely that vehicle lighting at night,along with high speed and high traffic volume,may cause large trouble for the animals,and thus lead to high mortality of these animals.Therefore,we suggest that in order to reduce mammal mortality on the highways,it is necessary to control the timing of traffic and reduce traffic volume and vehicle speed in relation to animal activities.