基于能量的天基拦截轨道设计与优化

Design and Optimization of Space-based Interception Orbit Based on Energy

在空间作战轨道拦截问题中,研究了天基拦截器的最小能量拦截轨道优化问题。针对拦截器远距离单脉冲拦截消耗燃料过多的问题,在以往的单脉冲最小能量拦截轨道基础上继续减小了拦截器燃料的消耗。首先运用全局搜索法,以某个在轨卫星为天基平台,在某个时间段内,快速搜索出单脉冲最小能量拦截轨道;再以单脉冲最小能量拦截轨道为基础,建立多脉冲拦截轨道的数学模型,以拦截器需要消耗的总燃料最少为目标,利用非线性规划方法对此单脉冲最小能量拦截轨道进行进一步的多脉冲优化。仿真结果表明,单脉冲最小能量拦截轨道经过多脉冲优化后,拦截器需要的总速度增量减小了,即达到了减轻拦截器燃料负担的目的。

The space-based interceptor＇ s optimal interception orbit which consumes least energy was considered. For the problem of interceptor＇ s consuming too much fuel during long-range interception, the interceptor＇ s fuel con- suming of fuel consuming the optimal interception with one single impulse and least energy was further reduced. First- ly, the orbit satellite was taken as the space-based platform, and the global searching method was used to search the optimal interception orbit during a certain period, with one single impulse and least energy. Then, taking the optimal interception orbit of single impulse and least energy as the basis, the multiple-impulse interception orbit was built. And with the least fuel consuming as the optimal goal, the nonlinear programming algorithm was used to farther opti- mize the single impulse and least energy interception orbit with multiple-impulse. The result of the simulation results show that the optimal interception orbit with one single impulse can be further optimized, so that the total velocity increment becomes smaller than that of the optimal interception orbit with one single impulse, so the fuel load of the interceptor is reduced.