农业文化遗产保护:生态农业发展的新契机

Agricultural heritage conservation: new opportunity for developing eco-agriculture

农业发展在通过科学技术进步和土地集约化利用取得巨大成绩的同时,也造成了生态与环境问题的日益加剧。与之对应的是一些传统地区的传统农耕方式在适应气候变化、供给生态系统服务、保护环境、提供多种产品等方面具有独特的优势。人类逐渐认识到保护这些传统的农业技术以及重要的生物资源和独具特色的农业景观的重要性。经过近30年的实践和发展,中国生态农业发展进入瓶颈期。而农业文化遗产的保护,不仅为现代高效生态农业的发展保留了杰出的农业景观,维持了可恢复的生态系统,传承了高价值的传统知识和文化活动,同时也保存了具有全球重要意义的农业生物多样性,为现代高效生态农业的多功能发展提供了物质基础和技术支撑。最后本文从生产功能、生态功能及文化功能角度对生态农业多功能发展进行了初步探讨。

Due to advances in science and technology and intensive utilization of land,significant agricultural achievements have been attained at the expense certain eco-agricultural and environmental problems.It has also been noted that some traditional farming methods are uniquely advantageous in the adaptation to climate change,ecosystem services supply and environmental protection.Humans have realized the importance of protecting traditional agro-technologies,bio-resources and unique agro-landscapes.After nearly 30 years of practice and development,China＇s eco-agriculture has achieved remarkable results.However,current eco-agricultural development was not entirely satisfactory mainly due to the following two reasons： 1） lack of further research and accountability on agro-ecosystem services functions;and 2） difficulty in obtaining remarkable economic benefits driven by lack of market-oriented guidance,scale management,specialized production and brand popularization of tradi-tional autarkic peasant economy.At present,the development of present societies was not only new but also led to numerous new problems.The practice of agricultural heritage widened new visions and provided new resolutions to emerging issues.To promote further development of eco-agriculture,it was necessary to look for new understandings of multi-functional agriculture in relation to production,ecology and culture.